Working with Compressed Files
Another file management operation is compression and decompression of files, or the
creation, listing, and expansion of file and directory archives. Linux distributions usually
include several compression utilities you can use to create, compress, expand, or list the
contents of compressed files and archives. These commands include the following
. bunzip2—Expands a compressed file
. bzip2—Compresses or expands files and directories
. gunzip—Expands a compressed file
. gzip—Compresses or expands files and directories
. shar file—Creates a shell archive of files
. tar—Creates, expands, or lists the contents of compressed or uncompressed file or
directory archives known as tape archives or tarballs
Most of these commands are easy to use. The tar command, however, has a somewhat
complex (although capable) set of command-line options and syntax. Even so, you can
quickly learn to use tar by remembering a few simple invocations on the command line.
For example, to create a compressed archive of a directory, use tar’s czf options like this
tar czf dirname.tgz dirname
The result is a compressed archive (a file ending in .tgz) of the specified directory (and all
files and directories under it). Add the letter v to the preceding options to view the list of
files added during compression and archiving. To list the contents of the compressed
archive, substitute the c option with the letter t, as follows
:
$ tar tzf archive
Of course, if many files are in the archive, a better invocation (to easily read or scroll
through the output) is the following:
$ tar tzf archive | less
To expand the contents of a compressed archive, use tar’s zxf options, like so:
$ tar zxf archive
The tar utility decompresses the specified archive and extracts the contents in the current
directory.
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